What Is Panic Disorder?
A panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes regular or sudden attacks of panic or fear. Over time, these attacks can significantly impact your quality of life. Though temporary, panic attacks can cause excessive sweating, difficulty breathing, and an increased heart rate. For some, it can even feel like a heart attack.
Panic attacks are the primary symptom of panic disorder, but they can also happen alongside other conditions like anxiety or mood disorders, phobias, substance use disorders, or certain medical conditions.
Panic Disorder Symptoms
Though temporary, panic attacks can cause excessive sweating, difficulty breathing, trembling, and an increased heart rate. For some, it can even feel like a heart attack and involve chest pain, nausea, and dizziness.
Mental signs of a panic disorder may include one or more of the following:
- Feeling out of control.
- Fear of death.
- Intense worry about having another panic attack.
- Purposefully avoiding people, places, or situations that may trigger a panic attack.
The licensed therapists at Beach House can help you identify the root cause of your panic attacks and offer several panic disorder treatment modalities to help you develop different coping mechanisms and reclaim your sense of peace.
Causes and Risk Factors
Many panic attacks are unexpected, making them difficult to predict. However, they can be triggered by external stressors such as certain social situations, activities, reminders, or prior traumatic events.
Like many anxiety disorders, the root cause of panic disorder is unknown, but it is likely a combination of risk factors, including:
- Gender (women are about twice as likely to experience panic disorder than men).
- Genetic predisposition or family history of panic disorder.
- Temperament and personality.
- Major stressful life events (e.g., divorce, death of a loved one, job loss, etc.).
- Substance misuse.
- Certain health conditions (e.g., thyroid or heart disorders).
If you or a loved one experience symptoms of panic disorder or are concerned you are at risk, consult your healthcare provider for a medical evaluation and assessment. Diagnosed panic disorders are treatable with talk therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
How Is Panic Disorder Diagnosed?
If you experience four or more panic attacks and are in constant fear of having another, you likely have a panic disorder.
Your healthcare provider or mental health professional can make a proper panic disorder diagnosis using criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) book by the American Psychiatric Association.
These criteria include:
- Recurrent panic attacks.
- Persistent worry about having another attack or the consequences of an attack (for at least one month).
- Significant maladaptive behavior related to the attacks (e.g., avoiding situations, self-harming, procrastination, substance misuse).
In addition to these assessments, your healthcare provider or mental health professional may recommend one or more of the following diagnostic tests:
- Thyroid blood test
An overactive thyroid can cause symptoms like a racing heart or anxiety, which can mimic or worsen a panic attack.
- Blood glucose test
Blood sugar imbalances can cause similar symptoms to a panic attack (e.g., dizziness, sweating, rapid heart rate).
- Echocardiogram (EKG)
EKGs can help rule out heart conditions that cause palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath—all of which are like panic attacks.
- Toxicology screen (drug test)
Substance misuse or withdrawal can cause overlapping symptoms with panic attacks (e.g., increased anxiety ).
These tests can help identify or rule out certain medical conditions and help identify the most appropriate treatments.
Treatment and Therapy for Panic Disorder
Panic disorder treatment often involves a combination of talk therapy and medication and may vary depending on your preference, medical history, and symptom severity.
Beach House offers several individual therapy options to help you discover new and helpful ways to cope with panic attacks and their impact on your daily life:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
- Psychoanalysis
- Motivational Interviewing
Your healthcare provider or mental health professional may also prescribe an antidepressant medication as part of your panic disorder treatment.
Get Help for Panic Disorder Today
Beach House Center for Recovery offers several mental health treatment programs to help you find healing, hope, and a path to a brighter tomorrow.
Contact us today to get started.