Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatments

What Is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s behavior and is often characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in childhood but can continue into adolescence and adulthood.

Types of ADHD

ADHD is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It presents in various ways and is classified into three primary types (based on the predominant symptoms and behaviors observed). They include:

ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

Individuals diagnosed with inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) have a very difficult time concentrating, focusing on a task, and staying organized. Those with ADHD-I, may also:

• Struggle to pay attention to details.
• Make careless mistakes.
• Have difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
• Have a difficult time remembering to do routine tasks like finish homework, pay bills, or return phone calls.
• Frequently lose items necessary for tasks.

ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

The hyperactive-impulsive subtype (ADHD-HI) is the least common form of ADHD. It is often seen in younger children, with primary symptoms being hyperactivity and impulsivity (without significant issues with inattention). If your child has ADHD-HI, they may exhibit behaviors like:

• Constant fidgeting or tapping hands or feet.
• Excessive talking or blurting out answers.
• Difficultly staying still.
• Excessive energy.
• Difficulty waiting their turn and interrupting or intruding on other’s conversations or games.

ADHD, Combined Presentation

Combined presentation (ADHD-C) is a combination of ADHD-I and ADHD-HI subtypes and their symptoms. It is the most common and most complex form of ADHD, making up about 70% of diagnoses in younger children.

It’s important to note that ADHD is a spectrum disorder, and the severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Additionally, symptoms can change over time, and children with ADHD may exhibit different symptom profiles as they grow into adulthood. 

Causes and Risk Factors for ADHD

The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but researchers have identified several possible risk factors. They include:

Genetic Influences

ADHD often runs in families. It is estimated that a parent with ADHD has more than a 50% chance of passing the condition to their children.

Environmental Risk Factors

• Exposure to certain pesticides, paints, disinfectants, and fragrances.
• Exposure to certain organic pollutants like lead, phthalates (found in plastics), bisphenol A (BPA), flame retardants, and forever chemicals.
• Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other serious life events during pregnancy.
• Consuming excessive sugar.
• Consuming excessive television.
• Lack of quality sleep.
• Exposure to excessive noise, thermal conditions, lighting, and crowding.

Brain Structure and Neurotransmitter Role

Research suggests that imbalances in key neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, within the prefrontal cortex—the part of the brain responsible for behavioral and emotional regulation—can have a profound impact on attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

In rare cases, ADHD may also be observed in those who have suffered significant brain injury or disease.

Recognizing ADHD Symptoms

Overlapping Symptoms in Children and Adults

• Difficulty focusing or concentrating on tasks.
• Easily distracted and forgetting tasks or appointments.
• Making impulsive decisions and frequently interrupting others.
• Restlessness.
• Struggling to follow through on tasks and stay on task.

ADHD Symptoms in Children

• Fidgeting and restlessness.
• Difficulty following instructions or organizing tasks.
• Impulsive speech, excessive talking, and difficulty waiting their turn to speak.

ADHD Symptoms in Adults

• Chronic procrastination.
• Difficulty managing time and struggling to meet deadlines.
• Impulsive decision-making without considering the consequences.
• Frequently forgetting appointments, conversations, and important dates.

While the most common signs of ADHD are lack of focus and impulsive behaviors, many people experience symptoms of ADHD differently, making the condition challenging to identify in high-functioning people in certain respects.

Emotional and Behavioral Indicators

Emotional and behavioral signs of ADHD can include:

• Frequent mood swings and difficulty managing emotions.
• Irritability and impulsivity.
• Low tolerance for frustration.
• Poor organizational skills and difficulty staying on task.
• Frequent feelings of overwhelm and frustration.

Diagnostic Criteria and Testing for ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5 Guidelines)

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) book by the American Psychiatric Association, a child must show at least six symptoms, and an adult must show at least five to receive an attention deficit disorder diagnosis.

These symptoms must cause significant problems in daily life, be present before age 12, and not be better explained by another condition (e.g., mood or anxiety disorder).

Common Attention Deficit Disorder Tests and Assessments

While there is no single test to definitively diagnose ADHD, the licensed therapists at Beach House may ask you to complete a self-assessment to better understand your symptoms.

Next, they will perform a screening assessment and comprehensive clinical evaluation, which may include things like behavioral observations, rating scales, and interviews.

ADHD Treatment Options

Medications for ADHD

Medications to treat attention deficit disorder symptoms include stimulants and non-stimulants:

• Stimulants (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin, Methylin, Concerta, Quillivant XR, and Metadate).
• Non-stimulants (e.g., Strattera, Kapvay, Intuniv, and Quelbree).

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  CBT for ADHD is a type of talk therapy that focuses on executive functioning and emotional and behavioral regulation. It helps those diagnosed with ADHD manage difficult situations, like rejection, and improve their quality of life.
• Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
  DBT for ADHD is a type of talk therapy that combines mindfulness practices with CBT therapy techniques to help those diagnosed with ADHD develop healthy coping skills and strategies. It can also help improve focus, reduce impulsivity, build self-esteem, and regulate emotions.

Lifestyle Modifications and Coping Strategies

• Coaching or skills training programs that can teach adults practical skills for organization, time management, goal setting, and task completion.
• Getting at least 30 minutes of exercise three or more times weekly.
• Eating a balanced diet of leafy greens, whole grains, and lean meats.
• Getting sufficient restorative sleep.
• Practicing stress management techniques (e.g., deep breathing exercises, yoga, meditations, journaling, etc.)
• Participating in support groups regularly.

Comprehensive ADHD and Addiction Treatment at Our Center

Personalized Treatment Plans for ADHD and Co-Occurring Disorders

At Beach House, we offer personalized,  evidence-based mental health treatment in Florida to adults that may include medically supervised detox and a broad spectrum of intensive therapeutic interventions that give you the tools you need to manage your mental health effectively. 

Our team offers in-depth experience treating the co-occurring disorders that drive ADHD and addiction behaviors.

Our Holistic Approach to ADHD Care

We understand that every individual with ADHD requires personalized care that addresses their unique needs. Our approach combines proven strategies to improve ADHD symptoms, focusing on healing the mind, body, and spirit.

To learn about our ADHD and addiction treatment programs, please contact our compassionate and helpful admissions counselors today.